This is a binomial problem.
Therefore, you need to use the equation
Pn(k) = (n C k)(p^k)q^(n-k)
n = total # of trials
k = # of successes
p = probability of success
q = 1 - p
I'm currently without a graphing calculator, so I just set success as NOT detecting 2.
p = 0.1
q = 0.9
k = 2
n = 18
n C k = n!/[k!(n-k)!]
20 C 2 = 20!/[2!(20-2)!]
20 C 2 = 20!/[2!18!]
20 C 2 = 380/2
20 C 2 = 190
So the answer is
190(0.1^2)(0.9^18) = 0.285178..etc.
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If you define success as the system detecting the submarine, then it would be
p = 0.9
q = 0.1
k = 18
n = 20
(20 C 18)(0.9 ^18)(0.1 ^2) which should also be 0.285178...etc.
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What I showed you was the long way of solving it without a graphing calculator. There should be a program in your calculator that solves this type of problem. It's called binompdf(
This site will show you how to get there.
http://www.wonderhowto.com/how-to/video/ho...or-244044/view/